NVIC简介

1. 什么是NVIC

NVIC :Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller,全称嵌套向量中断控制器,

1.1 相关结构体定义

1.1.1 NVIC 类型结构体定义

注:常用 ISER、ICER 和 IP 这三个寄存器,ISER 用来使能中断,ICER 用来失能中断,IP 用来设置中断优先级。

/** @addtogroup CMSIS_CM3_NVIC CMSIS CM3 NVIC memory mapped structure for Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller NVIC) 嵌套向量中断控制器(NVIC)的内存映射结构体 @{ */
typedef struct
{ 

__IO uint32_t ISER[8];                      /*!< Offset: 0x000 Interrupt Set Enable Register */ // 中断设置使能寄存器
uint32_t RESERVED0[24];                                   
__IO uint32_t ICER[8];                      /*!< Offset: 0x080 Interrupt Clear Enable Register */ // 中断清除使能寄存器
uint32_t RSERVED1[24];                                    
__IO uint32_t ISPR[8];                      /*!< Offset: 0x100 Interrupt Set Pending Register */ // 中断设置挂起寄存器
uint32_t RESERVED2[24];                                   
__IO uint32_t ICPR[8];                      /*!< Offset: 0x180 Interrupt Clear Pending Register */ // 中断清除挂起寄存器
uint32_t RESERVED3[24];                                   
__IO uint32_t IABR[8];                      /*!< Offset: 0x200 Interrupt Active bit Register */ // 中断有效位寄存器
uint32_t RESERVED4[56];                                   
__IO uint8_t  IP[240];                      /*!< Offset: 0x300 Interrupt Priority Register 8Bit wide) */ // 中断优先级寄存器(8位宽)
uint32_t RESERVED5[644];                                  
__O  uint32_t STIR;                         /*!< Offset: 0xE00 Software Trigger Interrupt Register */ // 软件触发中断寄存器
}  NVIC_Type;                                               
/*@}*/ /* end of group CMSIS_CM3_NVIC */

1.1.2 NVIC 初始化结构体

用于初始化NVIC,指定中断源、优先级及使能或失能。

/** * @brief NVIC Init Structure definition 简介: NVIC 初始化结构体定义 */
typedef struct
{ 

uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannel;                    /*!< Specifies the IRQ channel to be enabled or disabled. This parameter can be a value of @ref IRQn_Type For the complete STM32 Devices IRQ Channels list, please refer to stm32f10x.h file) */
/* 指定要启用或禁用的IRQ通道。此参数可以是@ref IRQn_Type的值(有关完整的STM32设备IRQ通道列表,请参阅stm32f10x.h文件) */
uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority;  /*!< Specifies the pre-emption priority for the IRQ channel specified in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref NVIC_Priority_Table */
/* 指定NVIC_IRQChannel中指定的IRQ通道的抢占优先级。如@ref NVIC_Priority_表所述,该参数可以是介于0和15之间的值 */
uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority;         /*!< Specifies the subpriority level for the IRQ channel specified in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref NVIC_Priority_Table */
/* 指定NVIC_IRQChannel中指定的IRQ通道的子优先级。如@ref NVIC_Priority_表所述,该参数可以是介于0和15之间的值。 */
FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd;         /*!< Specifies whether the IRQ channel defined in NVIC_IRQChannel will be enabled or disabled. This parameter can be set either to ENABLE or DISABLE */  
/* 指定是启用还是禁用NVIC_IRQChannel中定义的IRQ通道。此参数可以设置为启用或禁用 */	
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;

注:
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1.2 相应固件库函数

1.2.1 NVIC_EnableIRQ 函数

在NVIC中断控制器中启用中断(使能)

/** * @brief Enable Interrupt in NVIC Interrupt Controller * 简介: 在NVIC中断控制器中启用中断 * @param IRQn The positive number of the external interrupt to enable * 参数 : IRQn 要启用的外部中断的正数( IRQn_Type结构体中定义有 ) * Enable a device specific interupt in the NVIC interrupt controller. 在NVIC中断控制器中启用特定于设备的中断。 * The interrupt number cannot be a negative value. 中断号不能是负值。 */
static __INLINE void NVIC_EnableIRQIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

NVIC->ISER[uint32_t)IRQn) >> 5)] = 1 << uint32_t)IRQn) & 0x1F)); /* enable interrupt */
}

1.2.2 NVIC_DisableIRQ 函数

禁用指定的外部中断

/** * @brief Disable the interrupt line for external interrupt specified * 简介: 禁用指定的外部中断 * @param IRQn The positive number of the external interrupt to disable * 参数 : IRQn 要禁用的外部中断的正数( IRQn_Type结构体中定义有 ) * Disable a device specific interupt in the NVIC interrupt controller. * The interrupt number cannot be a negative value. */
static __INLINE void NVIC_DisableIRQIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

NVIC->ICER[uint32_t)IRQn) >> 5)] = 1 << uint32_t)IRQn) & 0x1F)); /* disable interrupt */
}

1.2.3 NVIC_GetPendingIRQ 函数

读取特定于设备的中断源的中断挂起位

/** * @brief Read the interrupt pending bit for a device specific interrupt source * 简介: 读取特定于设备的中断源的中断挂起位 * @param IRQn The number of the device specifc interrupt 参数: IRQn 设备中断的特定编号( IRQn_Type结构体中定义有 ) * @return 1 = interrupt pending, 0 = interrupt not pending * 返回值: 1 = 中断挂起 0 = 中断未挂起 * Read the pending register in NVIC and return 1 if its status is pending, * otherwise it returns 0 */
static __INLINE uint32_t NVIC_GetPendingIRQIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

returnuint32_t) NVIC->ISPR[uint32_t)IRQn) >> 5] & 1 << uint32_t)IRQn) & 0x1F)))?1:0)); /* Return 1 if pending else 0 */
}

1.2.4 NVIC_SetPendingIRQ 函数

设置外部中断的挂起位

/** * @brief Set the pending bit for an external interrupt * 简介: 设置外部中断的挂起位 * @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for set pending * 参数 : IRQn 设置挂起的中断的序号 * Set the pending bit for the specified interrupt. 为指定的中断设置挂起位。 * The interrupt number cannot be a negative value. */
static __INLINE void NVIC_SetPendingIRQIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

NVIC->ISPR[uint32_t)IRQn) >> 5)] = 1 << uint32_t)IRQn) & 0x1F)); /* set interrupt pending */
}

1.2.5 NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ 函数

清除外部中断的挂起位

/** * @brief Clear the pending bit for an external interrupt * 简介: 清除外部中断的挂起位 * @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for clear pending * * Clear the pending bit for the specified interrupt. * The interrupt number cannot be a negative value. */
static __INLINE void NVIC_ClearPendingIRQIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

NVIC->ICPR[uint32_t)IRQn) >> 5)] = 1 << uint32_t)IRQn) & 0x1F)); /* Clear pending interrupt */
}

1.2.6 NVIC_GetActive 函数

读取外部中断的有效位

/** * @brief Read the active bit for an external interrupt * 简介: 读取外部中断的有效位 * @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for read active bit * 参数 : IRQn 读取有效位的中断的序号 * @return 1 = interrupt active, 0 = interrupt not active * 读取NVIC中的活动寄存器,如果其状态为活动,则返回1,反之返回0 * Read the active register in NVIC and returns 1 if its status is active, * otherwise it returns 0. */
static __INLINE uint32_t NVIC_GetActiveIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

returnuint32_t)NVIC->IABR[uint32_t)IRQn) >> 5] & 1 << uint32_t)IRQn) & 0x1F)))?1:0)); /* Return 1 if active else 0 */
}

1.2.7 NVIC_SetPriority 函数

设置中断的优先级

/** * @brief Set the priority for an interrupt * 简介: 设置中断的优先级 * @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for set priority * @param priority The priority to set * 参数2 :priority 设定的优先值 * Set the priority for the specified interrupt. The interrupt * number can be positive to specify an external device specific) * interrupt, or negative to specify an internal core) interrupt. * 设置指定中断的优先级。中断号可以是正数以指定外部(设备特定)中断, 也可以是负数以指定内部(核心)中断。 * Note: The priority cannot be set for every core interrupt. 注意:不能为每个核心中断设置优先级。 */
static __INLINE void NVIC_SetPriorityIRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t priority)
{ 

ifIRQn < 0) { 

SCB->SHP[uint32_t)IRQn) & 0xF)-4] = priority << 8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & 0xff); } /* set Priority for Cortex-M3 System Interrupts */
else { 

NVIC->IP[uint32_t)IRQn)] = priority << 8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & 0xff);    }        /* set Priority for device specific Interrupts */
}

1.2.8 NVIC_GetPriority 函数

读取中断的优先级

/** * @brief Read the priority for an interrupt * 简介: 读取中断的优先级 * @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for get priority * @return The priority for the interrupt * * Read the priority for the specified interrupt. The interrupt * number can be positive to specify an external device specific) * interrupt, or negative to specify an internal core) interrupt. * 读取指定中断的优先级。中断号可以是正数以指定外部(设备特定)中断,也可以是负数以指定内部(核心)中断。 * The returned priority value is automatically aligned to the implemented * priority bits of the microcontroller. * 返回的优先级值自动与微控制器实现的优先级位对齐。 * Note: The priority cannot be set for every core interrupt. */
static __INLINE uint32_t NVIC_GetPriorityIRQn_Type IRQn)
{ 

ifIRQn < 0) { 

returnuint32_t)SCB->SHP[uint32_t)IRQn) & 0xF)-4] >> 8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)));  } /* get priority for Cortex-M3 system interrupts */
else { 

returnuint32_t)NVIC->IP[uint32_t)IRQn)]           >> 8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)));  } /* get priority for device specific interrupts */
}

1.2.9 NVIC_SystemReset 函数

启动系统重置请求

/* ################################## Reset function ############################################ */
/** * @brief Initiate a system reset request. * 简介: 启动系统重置请求。 * Initiate a system reset request to reset the MCU 启动系统重置请求以重置MCU */
static __INLINE void NVIC_SystemResetvoid)
{ 

SCB->AIRCR  = 0x5FA << SCB_AIRCR_VECTKEY_Pos)      | 
SCB->AIRCR & SCB_AIRCR_PRIGROUP_Msk) | 
SCB_AIRCR_SYSRESETREQ_Msk);                   /* Keep priority group unchanged */
__DSB);                                                     /* Ensure completion of memory access */              
while1);                                                    /* wait until reset */
}
/*@}*/ /* end of group CMSIS_CM3_Core_FunctionInterface */

1.2.10 NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig 函数

配置优先级分组:抢占优先级和子优先级。

/** @defgroup Preemption_Priority_Group * @{ */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 uint32_t)0x700) /*!< 0 bits for pre-emption priority 4 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_1 uint32_t)0x600) /*!< 1 bits for pre-emption priority 3 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 uint32_t)0x500) /*!< 2 bits for pre-emption priority 2 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_3 uint32_t)0x400) /*!< 3 bits for pre-emption priority 1 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_4 uint32_t)0x300) /*!< 4 bits for pre-emption priority 0 bits for subpriority */
/** * @brief Configures the priority grouping: pre-emption priority and subpriority. 简介: 配置优先级分组:抢占优先级和子优先级。 * @param NVIC_PriorityGroup: specifies the priority grouping bits length. 参数: NVIC_PriorityGroup: 指定优先级分组位长度。 * This parameter can be one of the following values: * @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_0: 0 bits for pre-emption priority :0位 用于抢占优先级 * 4 bits for subpriority :4位 表示次优先级 * @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_1: 1 bits for pre-emption priority :1位 用于抢占优先级 * 3 bits for subpriority :3位 表示次优先级 * @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_2: 2 bits for pre-emption priority :2位 用于抢占优先级 * 2 bits for subpriority :2位 表示次优先级 * @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_3: 3 bits for pre-emption priority :3位 用于抢占优先级 * 1 bits for subpriority :1位 表示次优先级 * @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_4: 4 bits for pre-emption priority :4位 用于抢占优先级 * 0 bits for subpriority :0位 表示次优先级 * @retval None */
void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfiguint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup)
{ 

/* Check the parameters */
assert_paramIS_NVIC_PRIORITY_GROUPNVIC_PriorityGroup));
/* Set the PRIGROUP[10:8] bits according to NVIC_PriorityGroup value */
SCB->AIRCR = AIRCR_VECTKEY_MASK | NVIC_PriorityGroup;
}

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