一、实验环境最低配置
做这个实验需要高配置，每个节点配置不能低于2核4G
k8s 1.19以上版本，快照功能需要单独安装snapshot控制器
rook的版本大于1.3，不要使用目录创建集群，要使用单独的裸盘进行创建，也就是创建一个新的磁盘，挂载到宿主机，不进行格式化，直接使用即可。对于的磁盘节点配置如下
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d76eb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors # 新的磁盘
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
二、部署Rook
2.1、Rook官方文档
https://rook.io/docs/rook/v1.5/ceph-quickstart.html
2.2、下载Rook安装文件
[root@k8s-master01 app]# git clone --single-branch --branch v1.5.3 https://github.com/rook/rook.git
2.3、配置更改
[root@k8s-master01 app]# cd rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph
# 修改Rook CSI镜像地址，原本的地址可能是gcr的镜像，但是gcr的镜像无法被国内访问，所以需要同步gcr的镜像到阿里云镜像仓库，文档版本已经为大家完成同步，可以直接修改如下：
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# vim operator.yaml
## 47-52行更改为：
ROOK_CSI_CEPH_IMAGE: "quay.io/cephcsi/cephcsi:v3.1.2"
ROOK_CSI_REGISTRAR_IMAGE: "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/csi-node-driver-registrar:v2.0.1"
ROOK_CSI_RESIZER_IMAGE: "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/csi-resizer:v1.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_PROVISIONER_IMAGE: "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/csi-provisioner:v2.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_SNAPSHOTTER_IMAGE: "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/csi-snapshotter:v3.0.0"
ROOK_CSI_ATTACHER_IMAGE: "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/csi-attacher:v3.0.0"
##
# 如果是其他版本，需要自行同步，同步方法可以在网上找到相关文章。
# 还是operator文件，新版本rook默认关闭了自动发现容器的部署，可以找到ROOK_ENABLE_DISCOVERY_DAEMON改成true即可：
# ROOK_ENABLE_DISCOVERY_DAEMON改成true即可：
- name: ROOK_ENABLE_DISCOVERY_DAEMON
value: "true"
2.4、部署rook
# 1、进到/rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph目录
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# pwd
/app/rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph
# 2、部署
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl create -f crds.yaml -f common.yaml -f operator.yaml
# 3、等待operator容器和discover容器启动（全部变成1/1 Running 才可以创建Ceph集群）
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl get pod -n rook-ceph -owide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
rook-ceph-operator-7d569f655-6bcjv 1/1 Running 0 6m37s 10.244.195.13 k8s-master03
rook-discover-bdk7k 1/1 Running 0 4m2s 10.244.32.148 k8s-master01
rook-discover-j6w4m 1/1 Running 0 4m2s 10.244.58.247 k8s-node02
rook-discover-pnp52 1/1 Running 0 4m2s 10.244.122.136 k8s-master02
rook-discover-spw8l 1/1 Running 0 4m2s 10.244.195.21 k8s-master03
rook-discover-vcqh2 1/1 Running 0 4m2s 10.244.85.248 k8s-node01
三、创建ceph集群
3.1、配置更改
主要更改的是osd节点所在的位置
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# vim cluster.yaml
# 1、更改storage（自己指定使用磁盘的节点）
###
原配置:
storage: # cluster level storage configuration and selection
useAllNodes: true
useAllDevices: true
更改为:
storage: # cluster level storage configuration and selection
useAllNodes: false
useAllDevices: false
###
- name: "k8s-master03"
devices:
- name: "sdb"
- name: "k8s-node01"
devices:
- name: "sdb"
- name: "k8s-node02"
devices:
- name: "sdb"
###
注意：新版必须采用裸盘，即未格式化的磁盘。其中k8s-master03 k8s-node01 node02有新加的一个磁盘，可以通过lsblk -f查看新添加的磁盘名称。建议最少三个节点，否则后面的试验可能会出现问题
3.2、创建Ceph集群
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl create -f cluster.yaml
cephcluster.ceph.rook.io/rook-ceph created
# 创建完成后，可以查看pod的状态
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl -n rook-ceph get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
csi-cephfsplugin-2gp6j 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-cephfsplugin-5bqp2 3/3 Running 0 17m
csi-cephfsplugin-df5xq 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-cephfsplugin-gk8f8 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-cephfsplugin-provisioner-785798bc8f-fcdng 6/6 Running 0 31m
csi-cephfsplugin-provisioner-785798bc8f-mkjpt 6/6 Running 4 31m
csi-cephfsplugin-xdw2t 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-rbdplugin-8cs79 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-rbdplugin-d4mrr 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-rbdplugin-jg77k 3/3 Running 0 31m
csi-rbdplugin-ksq66 3/3 Running 0 21m
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-75cdf8cd6d-gvwmn 6/6 Running 0 31m
csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-75cdf8cd6d-nqwrn 6/6 Running 5 31m
csi-rbdplugin-wqxbm 3/3 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-crashcollector-k8s-master03-6f7c7b5fbc-rv4tc 1/1 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-crashcollector-k8s-node01-6769bf677f-bsr7c 1/1 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-crashcollector-k8s-node02-7c97d7b8d4-6xgkb 1/1 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-mgr-a-75fc775496-cqjmh 1/1 Running 1 32m
rook-ceph-mon-a-67cbdcd6d6-hpttq 1/1 Running 0 33m
rook-ceph-operator-7d569f655-6bcjv 1/1 Running 0 69m
rook-ceph-osd-0-9c67b5cb4-729r6 1/1 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-osd-1-56cd8467fc-bbwcc 1/1 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-osd-2-74f5c9f8d8-fwlw7 1/1 Running 0 31m
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-k8s-master03-kzgbd 0/1 Completed 0 94s
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-k8s-node01-hzcdw 0/1 Completed 0 92s
rook-ceph-osd-prepare-k8s-node02-pxfcc 0/1 Completed 0 90s
rook-discover-bdk7k 1/1 Running 0 67m
rook-discover-j6w4m 1/1 Running 0 67m
rook-discover-pnp52 1/1 Running 0 67m
rook-discover-spw8l 1/1 Running 0 67m
rook-discover-vcqh2 1/1 Running 0 67m
3.3、安装ceph snapshot控制器
k8s 1.19版本以上需要单独安装snapshot控制器，才能完成pvc的快照功能，所以在此提前安装下，如果是1.19以下版本，不需要单独安装，直接参考视频即可。
# 1、snapshot控制器的部署在集群安装时的k8s-ha-install项目中，需要切换到1.20.x分支
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/
[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# git checkout manual-installation-v1.20.x
# 2、创建snapshot controller
[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# kubectl create -f snapshotter/ -n kube-system
# 3、查看snapshot controller状态
[root@k8s-master01 k8s-ha-install]# kubectl get po -n kube-system -l app=snapshot-controller
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
snapshot-controller-0 1/1 Running 0 15s
# 4、具体文档
具体文档：https://rook.io/docs/rook/v1.5/ceph-csi-snapshot.html
四、安装ceph客户端工具
# 1、安装
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# pwd
/app/rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl create -f toolbox.yaml -n rook-ceph
deployment.apps/rook-ceph-tools created
# 2、待容器Running后，即可执行相关命令
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl get po -n rook-ceph -l app=rook-ceph-tools
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
rook-ceph-tools-6f7467bb4d-r9vqx 1/1 Running 0 31s
# 3、执行命令ceph status
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl -n rook-ceph exec -it deploy/rook-ceph-tools -- bash
[root@rook-ceph-tools-6f7467bb4d-r9vqx /]# ceph status
cluster:
id: 83c11641-ca98-4054-b2e7-422e942befe6
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 1 daemons, quorum a age 43m)
mgr: aactive, since 13m)
osd: 3 osds: 3 up since 18m), 3 in since 44m)
data:
pools: 1 pools, 1 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 3.0 GiB used, 27 GiB / 30 GiB avail
pgs: 1 active+clean
# 4、执行命令
[root@rook-ceph-tools-6f7467bb4d-r9vqx /]# ceph osd status
ID HOST USED AVAIL WR OPS WR DATA RD OPS RD DATA STATE
0 k8s-master03 1028M 9207M 0 0 0 0 exists,up
1 k8s-node01 1028M 9207M 0 0 0 0 exists,up
2 k8s-node02 1028M 9207M 0 0 0 0 exists,up
# 5、执行命令-查看状态
[root@rook-ceph-tools-6f7467bb4d-r9vqx /]# ceph df
--- RAW STORAGE ---
CLASS SIZE AVAIL USED RAW USED %RAW USED
hdd 30 GiB 27 GiB 14 MiB 3.0 GiB 10.05
TOTAL 30 GiB 27 GiB 14 MiB 3.0 GiB 10.05
--- POOLS ---
POOL ID STORED OBJECTS USED %USED MAX AVAIL
device_health_metrics 1 0 B 0 0 B 0 8.5 GiB
五、Ceph dashboard
5.1、暴露服务
# 1、默认情况下，ceph dashboard是打开的，可以通过以下命令查看ceph dashboard的service
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl -n rook-ceph get service rook-ceph-mgr-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORTS) AGE
rook-ceph-mgr-dashboard ClusterIP 10.97.5.123 <none> 8443/TCP 47m
# 可以两种方式访问：
1. 将该service改为NodePort
2. 通过ingress代理
# 本文档演示NodePort，ingress可以参考课程的ingress章节。
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl -n rook-ceph edit service rook-ceph-mgr-dashboard
# 更改type类型即可
type: NodePort
# 2、访问、任意节点ip:port访问即可
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl -n rook-ceph get service rook-ceph-mgr-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORTS) AGE
rook-ceph-mgr-dashboard NodePort 10.97.5.123 <none> 8443:32202/TCP 49m
# 3、登录、账号为admin，查看密码
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n rook-ceph get secret rook-ceph-dashboard-password -o jsonpath="{['data']['password']}" | base64 --decode && echo
@}g"P{-FVe9yb]-AV/>3
六、ceph块存储的使用
块存储一般用于一个Pod挂载一块存储使用，相当于一个服务器新挂了一个盘，只给一个应用使用。
6.1、创建StorageClass和ceph的存储池
# 1、创建文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /app/rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# vim storageclass.yaml
apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephBlockPool
metadata:
name: replicapool
namespace: rook-ceph
spec:
failureDomain: host
replicated:
size: 3
---
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: rook-ceph-block
# Change "rook-ceph" provisioner prefix to match the operator namespace if needed
provisioner: rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
# clusterID is the namespace where the rook cluster is running
clusterID: rook-ceph
# Ceph pool into which the RBD image shall be created
pool: replicapool
imageFormat: "2"
imageFeatures: layering
csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name: rook-csi-rbd-provisioner
csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-name: rook-csi-rbd-provisioner
csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name: rook-csi-rbd-node
csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
csi.storage.k8s.io/fstype: ext4
# Delete the rbd volume when a PVC is deleted
reclaimPolicy: Delete
# 2、创建块
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl create -f storageclass.yaml
cephblockpool.ceph.rook.io/replicapool created
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/rook-ceph-block created
# 3、查看状态
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl get CephBlockPool -n rook-ceph
NAME AGE
replicapool 2m14s
[root@k8s-master01 ceph]# kubectl get sc
NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE
rook-ceph-block rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com Delete Immediate false 2m47s
此时可以在ceph dashboard查看到改Pool，如果没有显示说明没有创建成功
6.2、挂载测试
创建一个MySQL服务
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# pwd
/app/rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl create -f mysql.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl create -f wordpress.yaml
# 查看svc
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl get svc wordpress
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORTS) AGE
wordpress LoadBalancer 10.109.161.119 <pending> 80:32301/TCP 3m57s
该文件有一段pvc的配置
pvc会连接刚才创建的storageClass，然后动态创建pv，然后连接到ceph创建对应的存储
之后创建pvc只需要指定storageClassName为刚才创建的StorageClass名称即可连接到rook的ceph。如果是statefulset，只需要将volumeTemplateClaim里面的Claim名称改为StorageClass名称即可动态创建Pod，具体请听视频。
其中MySQL deployment的volumes配置挂载了该pvc：
claimName为pvc的名称
因为MySQL的数据不能多个MySQL实例连接同一个存储，所以一般只能用块存储。相当于新加了一块盘给MySQL使用。
创建完成后可以查看创建的pvc和pv
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pvc-1843c13e-09cb-46c6-9dd8-5f54a834681b 20Gi RWO Delete Bound default/mysql-pv-claim rook-ceph-block 65m
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
mysql-pv-claim Bound pvc-1843c13e-09cb-46c6-9dd8-5f54a834681b 20Gi RWO rook-ceph-block 66m
此时在ceph dashboard上面也可以查看到对应的image
七、共享文件系统的使用
共享文件系统一般用于多个Pod共享一个存储
默认情况下，只能使用Rook创建一个共享文件系统。Ceph中的多文件系统支持仍被认为是实验性的，可以使用中ROOK_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_FILESYSTEMS定义的环境变量启用operator.yaml。
7.1、创建共享类型的文件系统
通过为CephFilesystemCRD中的元数据池，数据池和元数据服务器指定所需的设置来创建文件系统
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# pwd
/app/rook/cluster/examples/kubernetes
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# vim filesystem.yaml
apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephFilesystem
metadata:
name: myfs
namespace: rook-ceph
spec:
metadataPool: # 原数据副本数
replicated:
size: 3
dataPools: # 数据副本数
- replicated:
size: 3
preserveFilesystemOnDelete: true
metadataServer: # 原数据服务副本数
activeCount: 1
activeStandby: true # 启了个从节点
# 创建
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl create -f filesystem.yaml
cephfilesystem.ceph.rook.io/myfs created
# 查看，一个主，一个备
[root@k8s-master01 kubernetes]# kubectl -n rook-ceph get pod -l app=rook-ceph-mds
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
rook-ceph-mds-myfs-a-5d8547c74d-vfvx2 1/1 Running 0 90s
rook-ceph-mds-myfs-b-766d84d7cb-wj7nd 1/1 Running 0 87s
也可以在ceph dashboard上面查看状态
7.2、创建共享类型文件系统的StorageClass
官网：https://rook.io/docs/rook/v1.5/ceph-filesystem.html
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: rook-cephfs
# Change "rook-ceph" provisioner prefix to match the operator namespace if needed
provisioner: rook-ceph.cephfs.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
# clusterID is the namespace where operator is deployed.
clusterID: rook-ceph
# CephFS filesystem name into which the volume shall be created
fsName: myfs
# Ceph pool into which the volume shall be created
# Required for provisionVolume: "true"
pool: myfs-data0
# Root path of an existing CephFS volume
# Required for provisionVolume: "false"
# rootPath: /absolute/path
# The secrets contain Ceph admin credentials. These are generated automatically by the operator
# in the same namespace as the cluster.
csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name: rook-csi-cephfs-provisioner
csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-name: rook-csi-cephfs-provisioner
csi.storage.k8s.io/controller-expand-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name: rook-csi-cephfs-node
csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace: rook-ceph
reclaimPolicy: Delete
八、PVC扩容、快照、回滚
官方文档：https://rook.io/docs/rook/v1.5/ceph-csi-snapshot.html
8.1、快照
注意：PVC快照功能需要k8s 1.17+