gtest初识总结
本文以结合gtest github内容进行学习gtest。
gtest github地址
gtest编译
g++ xx.cpp xx.h -lgtest -lpthread -o main
gtest编写
创建测试的一个简易的步骤：
1.使用TEST)宏来定义和命名测试函数，这些是不返回值的普通C ++函数。
2.在此函数中，与要包含的任何有效C ++语句一起使用各种googletest断言来检查值.ASSERT_)、EXPECT_))
3.测试的结果由断言决定; 如果测试中的任何断言失败（无论是致命的还是非致命的），或者测试崩溃，整个测试都会失败。否则，它会成功。
TEST)第一个参数是测试用例的名称，第二个参数是测试用例中的测试名称（有效的C++标识符，不应包含下划线）。
googletest按照测试用例对测试结果进行分组。
例子Demo
| 文件 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| sample1.cc | 待测试代码包含两个函数： 1：Factorialint n) 阶乘函数。 2：IsPrimeint n) 是否是质数 |
| sample1.h | 待测试代码头文件 |
| simple1_unittest.cc | 测试用例代码文件 |
| main.cpp | 程序入口文件 |
代码如下:
sample1.h
#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
#define GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
// Returns n! the factorial of n). For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.
int Factorialint n);
// Returns true iff n is a prime number.
bool IsPrimeint n);
#endif // GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
sample.cc
#include "sample1.h"
// Returns n! the factorial of n). For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.
int Factorialint n) {
int result = 1;
for int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i;
}
return result;
}
// Returns true iff n is a prime number.
bool IsPrimeint n) {
// Trivial case 1: small numbers
if n <= 1) return false;
// Trivial case 2: even numbers
if n % 2 == 0) return n == 2;
// Now, we have that n is odd and n >= 3.
// Try to divide n by every odd number i, starting from 3
for int i = 3; ; i += 2) {
// We only have to try i up to the square root of n
if i > n/i) break;
// Now, we have i <= n/i < n.
// If n is divisible by i, n is not prime.
if n % i == 0) return false;
}
// n has no integer factor in the range 1, n), and thus is prime.
return true;
}
sample1_unittest.cc
#include <limits.h>
#include "sample1.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
namespace {
// Tests Factorial).
// Tests factorial of negative numbers.
TESTFactorialTest, Negative) {
// This test is named "Negative", and belongs to the "FactorialTest"
// test case.
EXPECT_EQ1, Factorial-5)) << "this sunrise test"; //后面的信息在失败的情况下输出到终端
EXPECT_EQ1, Factorial-1));
EXPECT_GTFactorial-10), 0);
// Tests factorial of 0.
TESTFactorialTest, Zero) {
EXPECT_EQ1, Factorial0));
}
// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
TESTFactorialTest, Positive) {
EXPECT_EQ1, Factorial1));
EXPECT_EQ2, Factorial2));
EXPECT_EQ6, Factorial3));
EXPECT_EQ40320, Factorial8));
}
// Tests IsPrime)
// Tests negative input.
TESTIsPrimeTest, Negative) {
// This test belongs to the IsPrimeTest test case.
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrime-1));
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrime-2));
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrimeINT_MIN));
}
// Tests some trivial cases.
TESTIsPrimeTest, Trivial) {
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrime0));
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrime1));
EXPECT_TRUEIsPrime2));
EXPECT_TRUEIsPrime3));
}
// Tests positive input.
TESTIsPrimeTest, Positive) {
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrime4));
EXPECT_TRUEIsPrime5));
EXPECT_FALSEIsPrime6));
EXPECT_TRUEIsPrime23));
}
} // namespace
main.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<gtest/gtest.h>
using namespace std;
GTEST_API_ int mainint argc, char **argv) {
printf"Running main");
testing::InitGoogleTest&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS);
}
编译命令：
g++ sample1.cc sample1.h sample1_unittest.cc main.cpp -lgtest -lpthread -o main
运行效果如下：
Running main[==========] Running 6 tests from 2 test cases.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 3 tests from FactorialTest
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Negative
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Negative 0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Zero
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Zero 0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Positive
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Positive 0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from FactorialTest 0 ms total)
[----------] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Negative
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Negative 0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial 0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Positive
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Positive 0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest 0 ms total)
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 6 tests from 2 test cases ran. 0 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 6 tests.
更改FactorialTest.Negative中的用例代码
// EXPECT_EQ1, Factorial-5)) << "this sunrise test"; //后面的信息在失败的情况下输出到终端
EXPECT_EQ-1, Factorial-5)) << "this sunrise test";
运行效果：
Running main[==========] Running 6 tests from 2 test cases.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 3 tests from FactorialTest
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Negative
sample1_unittest.cc:79: Failure
Value of: Factorial-5)
Actual: 1
Expected: -1
this sunrise test
[ FAILED ] FactorialTest.Negative 0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Zero
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Zero 0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Positive
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Positive 0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from FactorialTest 0 ms total)
[----------] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Negative
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Negative 0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial 0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Positive
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Positive 0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest 0 ms total)
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 6 tests from 2 test cases ran. 0 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 5 tests.
[ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below:
[ FAILED ] FactorialTest.Negative
1 FAILED TEST
基础语法介绍
断言
分为ASSERT_*和EXPECT_*两种类型：
| ASSERT_* | EXPECT_* |
|---|---|
| 致命的断言，终止当前功能以测试用例为组) | 非致命故障，不会终止当前功能 |
终止：是终止自身处于的那一组测试用例,如上例中的FactorialTest.Negative是一组测试。
断言详细函数
- 基本函数，基本的真/假条件测试。
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
|---|---|---|
ASSERT_TRUEcondition); |
EXPECT_TRUEcondition); |
condition is true |
ASSERT_FALSEcondition); |
EXPECT_FALSEcondition); |
condition is false |
- 二元比较
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
|---|---|---|
ASSERT_EQval1, val2); |
EXPECT_EQval1, val2); |
val1 == val2 |
ASSERT_NEval1, val2); |
EXPECT_NEval1, val2); |
val1 != val2 |
ASSERT_LTval1, val2); |
EXPECT_LTval1, val2); |
val1 < val2 |
ASSERT_LEval1, val2); |
EXPECT_LEval1, val2); |
val1 <= val2 |
ASSERT_GTval1, val2); |
EXPECT_GTval1, val2); |
val1 > val2 |
ASSERT_GEval1, val2); |
EXPECT_GEval1, val2); |
val1 >= val2 |
- 字符串比较
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
|---|---|---|
ASSERT_STREQstr1, str2); |
EXPECT_STREQstr1, str2); |
the two C strings have the same content |
ASSERT_STRNEstr1, str2); |
EXPECT_STRNEstr1, str2); |
the two C strings have different contents |
ASSERT_STRCASEEQstr1, str2); |
EXPECT_STRCASEEQstr1, str2); |
the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
ASSERT_STRCASENEstr1, str2); |
EXPECT_STRCASENEstr1, str2); |
the two C strings have different contents, ignoring case |
Test Fixtures: 为多个测试使用相同的数据配置
Fixtures 是测试中非常重要的一部分。他们的主要目的是建立一个固定/已知的环境状态以确保 测试可重复并且按照预期方式运行。
- 创建Fixture类继承至::testing::Test.
- 在类中，声明需要使用的对象
- 编写SetUp函数
- 编写TearDown函数
- 如果需要，请为要共享的测试定义子例程。
例子:
Fixtures类
class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
void SetUp) override {
q1_.Enqueue1);
q2_.Enqueue2);
q2_.Enqueue3);
}
// void TearDown) override {}
Queue<int> q0_;
Queue<int> q1_;
Queue<int> q2_;
};
测试用例
TEST_FQueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
EXPECT_EQq0_.size), 0);
}
TEST_FQueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
// construct an instance QueueTest q;q.SetUp)
int* n = q0_.Dequeue);
EXPECT_EQn, nullptr);
n = q1_.Dequeue);
ASSERT_NEn, nullptr);
EXPECT_EQ*n, 1);
EXPECT_EQq1_.size), 0);
delete n;
n = q2_.Dequeue);
ASSERT_NEn, nullptr);
EXPECT_EQ*n, 2);
EXPECT_EQq2_.size), 1);
delete n;
// q.TearDown)
}
用例DequeueWorks和用例DequeueWorks共用的QueueTest中的q0_,q1_,q2_,SetUp)和TearDown).