文件管理

一、iOS中的沙盒机制

iOS应用程序只能对自己创建的文件系统读取文件,这个独立、封闭、安全的空间,叫做沙盒。它一般存放着程序包文件(可执行文件)、图片、音频、视频、plist文件、sqlite数据库以及其他文件。

每个应用程序都有自己的独立的存储空间(沙盒)

一般来说应用程序之间是不可以互相访问

模拟器沙盒的位置

/User/userName/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator

当我们创建应用程序时,在每个沙盒中含有三个文件,分别是Document、Library和temp。

Document:一般需要持久的数据都放在此目录中,可以在当中添加子文件夹,iTunes备份和恢复的时候,会包括此目录。

Library:设置程序的默认设置和其他状态信息

temp:创建临时文件的目录,当iOS设备重启时,文件会被自动清除

获取沙盒目录

获取程序的根目录(home)目录

NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory)

获取Document目录

NSArray  *paths = NSSearchPathDorDirectoriesInDomainsNSDocumentDicrectory,, NSUserDomainMark, YES);                                                                           NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];

获取Library目录

NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomainsNSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);                                                                                  

NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];   

获取Library中的Cache

NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomainsNSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);                                                                                 

  NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];

获取temp路径

NSString *temp = NSTemporaryDirectory );

二、NSString类路径的处理方法

文件路径的处理

NSString *path = @”/Uesrs/apple/testfile.txt”

常用方法如下

获得组成此路径的各个组成部分,结果:(”/”,”User”,”apple”,”testfile.txt”)

– NSArray *)pathComponents;

提取路径的最后一个组成部分,结果:testfile.txt

– NSString *)lastPathComponent;

删除路径的最后一个组成部分,结果:/Users/apple

– NSString *)stringByDeletingLastPathCpmponent;

将path添加到先邮路径的末尾,结果:/Users/apple/testfile.txt/app.txt

– NSString *)stringByAppendingPathConmponent:NSString *)str;

去路径最后部分的扩展名,结果:text

– NSString *)pathExtension;

删除路径最后部分的扩展名,结果:/Users/apple/testfile

– NSString *)stringByDeletingPathExtension;

路径最后部分追加扩展名,结果:/User/apple/testfile.txt.jpg

– NSString *)stringByAppendingPathExtension:NSString *)str;

三、NSData

NSData是用来包装数据的

NSData存储的是二进制数据,屏蔽了数据之间的差异,文本、音频、图像等数据都可用NSData来存储

NSData的用法

1.NSString与NSData互相转换

NSData-> NSString                                                                                 

 NSString *aString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:adataencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSString->NSData                                                                              

  NSString *aString = @”1234abcd”;

NSData *aData = [aString dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 

将data类型的数据,转成UTF8的数据

+NSString *)dataToUTF8String:NSData *)data
{
NSString *buf = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return [buf autorelease];
}

将string转换为指定编码 
+NSString *)changeDataToEncodinString:NSData *)data encodin:NSStringEncoding )encodin{
    NSString *buf = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:encodin] autorelease];
    return buf;
}

2. NSData 与 UIImage
NSData->UIImage
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
 
//例:从本地文件沙盒中取图片并转换为NSData
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@”ceshi.png”];
NSString *finalPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile: finalPath];
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];

3.NSData与NSArray  NSDictionary

+NSString *)getLocalFilePath:NSString *) fileName
{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@”%@/%@%@”, NSHomeDirectory),@“Documents”,fileName];
}

包括将NSData写进Documents目录
从Documents目录读取数据
在进行网络数据通信的时候,经常会遇到NSData类型的数据。在该数据是dictionary结构的情况下,系统没有提供现成的转换成NSDictionary的方法,为此可以通过Category对NSDictionary进行扩展,以支持从NSData到NSDictionary的转换。声明和实现如下:

 
+ NSDictionary *)dictionaryWithContentsOfData:NSData *)data {     
    CFPropertyListRef list = CFPropertyListCreateFromXMLDatakCFAllocatorDefault, CFDataRef)data, kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL);
    iflist == nil) return nil; 
    if [id)list isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) { 
         return [NSDictionary *)list autorelease]; 
        } 
    else { 
         CFReleaselist); 
         return nil; 
        } 
}

四、文件管理常用方法

NSFileManager

创建一个文件并写入数据                                                                                  

  – BOOL)createFileAtPath:NSString *)path contents:NSData *)data attributes:NSDictionary *)attr;

从一个文件中读取数据                                                                                      

 – NSData *)contentsAtPath:NSString *)path;

scrPath路径上的文件移动到dstPath路径上,注意这里的路径是文件路径而不是目录       

   – BOOL)moveItemAtPath:NSString *)srcPath toPath:NSString *)dstPath error:NSError **) error;

scrPath路径上的文件复制到dstPath路径上                                                            

– BOOL)copyItemAtPath:NSString *)scrPath toPath:NSString *)dstPath error:NSError **) error;

比较两个文件的内容是否一样                                                                               

– BOOL)contentsEqualAtPath:NSString *)path1 andPath:NSString *)path2;

文件时候存在                                                                                                

  – BOOL)fileExistsAtPath:NSString *)path;

移除文件                                                                                                       

 – BOOL)removeItemAtPath:NSString *)path error:NSError **) error;

创建文件管理

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];                        

  NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory )  stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”holyBible.txt”];                                                                                                     NSString *text = @”abcdefg”; 

将字符串转成NSData类型                                                                               

  NSData *data = [text dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 

写入文件                                                                                                      

BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:path contents:data attributes:nil];

创建文件夹 

NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”holyBible.txt”];    

NSString *contect = @”abcdefg”;                                                                   

BOOL success = [fm createFileAtPath:filePath contents:[content dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];

NSFileManager-读取内容                                                                              

 NSData *fileData = [fileManager contentsAtPath:filePath];                                  

NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:fileData dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSData-读取内容                                                                                         

 NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”holyBible.txt”];    

NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentOfFile:filePath];

NSString-读取内容                                                                                       

  NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”holyBible.txt”];    

NSString *content = [[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

移动、复制文件                                                                                             

移动文件(重命名)                                                                                         

NSString *toPath = [NSHomeDirectory ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”hellogod/New Testament.txt”];                                                                             

 [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];                                                  

NSError *error;                                                                                           

  BOOL isSuccess = [fm moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:toPath error:&error];

复制文件(重命名)                                                                                        

NSString *copyPath = [NSHomeDirectory ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”备份/Old Testament.txt”];                                                                                 

 [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];                                                  

BOOL success = [fm copyItemAtPath:toPath toPath:toPath error:nil];

删除文件、获取文件大小

判断文件是否存在和删除文件                                                                             

 if[fm fileExistsAtPath]) {                                                                                                      

   if [fm removeItemAtPath:copyPath])   {              

                 NSLog@”remove success”);    }                

 }

获取文件大小                                                                                                 

 NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];      

                   

获得文件的属性字典                                                                                        

NSDictionary *attrDic = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtpath:sourcePath error:nil]; 

NSNumber *fileSize = [attrDic objectForKey:NSFileSize]; 

  

获取目录文件信息                                                                                           

 NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];                      

  NSString *enuPath = [NSHomeDirectoty ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@”Test”];                                                                                                           NSDictionaryEnumerator *dirEnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath:enuPath];    

NSString *path = nil;                                                                                    

  while path = [dirEnum nextObject]} != nil)                                                       

 {                                                                                                                        NSLog@”%@”,path);                                                                                  

  }

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